@Article{DuJLLLBPAWCXWY:2021:TeOpNa,
               author = "Du, Lifang and Jiao, Jing and Li, Faquan and Lin, Xin and Liu, 
                         Zhengkuan and Batista, Paulo Prado and Pimenta, Alexandre Alvares 
                         and Andrioli, V. F. and Wang, Jihong and Chen, Xuewu and Xia, Yuan 
                         and Wu, Fuju and Yang, Guotao",
          affiliation = "{Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of 
                         Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and 
                         {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of 
                         Sciences (CAS)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of 
                         Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and 
                         {Nanjing Xiao Zhuang University} and {Chinese Academy of Sciences 
                         (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)}",
                title = "The technical optimization of Na-K lidar and to measure 
                         mesospheric Na and K over Brazil",
              journal = "Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "259",
                pages = "e107383",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "Potassium lidar, Lidar observation, Lidar technology, Nas, Ks, 
                         Dual- wave lidar.",
             abstract = "This paper reports that the sodiumpotassium (NaK) lidar was 
                         completed in November 2016 at S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} Dos Compose, 
                         Brazil (23°S, 45°W), by the joint effort of the National Space 
                         Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NSSC) and Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE). This system realized the 
                         Na and K metal layers simultaneously observe in Brazil, and this 
                         is the first instance of K layer detection in South America. Some 
                         of the key parameters and technologies have been optimized based 
                         on the Na and K layer dual-wave lidar in Beijing Yanqing station, 
                         such as improve technical parameters for receiving telescope, the 
                         narrow linewidth, efficient laser frequency doubling, the 
                         wavelength automatic locking techniques. By adopting these 
                         technologies, the output were 589 nm and 770 nm lasers, with high 
                         emission powers of 75 mJ and 83 mJ, respectively, and 
                         backscattered signals of Na and K layers with high signal quality 
                         were obtained. Observation data showed that the original echo 
                         photon count of the Na layer was approximately 42,486 (time 
                         resolution: 200 s, spatial resolution: 96 m) and the number of 
                         noise photons was 286 in a single data acquisition. The 
                         signal-to-noise ratio was up to 205:1. At the same spatiotemporal 
                         resolution, the original echo photon count of the K layer was 
                         approximately 1633, the noise photons were 38, and the 
                         signal-to-noise ratio was up to 40:1. The initial photocounts 
                         received has demonstrated that the Brazil K lidar has produced 
                         high quality signal with signal-to-noise level required by 
                         intended science studies. Moreover, the simultaneous phenomena of 
                         sporadic Na (Nas) and sporadic K (Ks), and the highly concentrated 
                         layers of atomic K have been observed, the K density in these 
                         narrow layers exceeds 1019 cm\−3.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107383",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jqsrt.2020.107383",
                 issn = "0022-4073",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "du_technical.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}